Citizenship is the end of the immigration journey for many permanent residents, and it has its own set of rules.
Physical presence
Adults generally need at least 1,095 days of physical presence in Canada in the five years immediately before applying. Time as a temporary resident or protected person can count partially, within limits.
Language and knowledge
Applicants between 18 and 54 must show adequate knowledge of English or French and pass a citizenship test on Canadian rights, responsibilities, history and institutions.
Taxes and prohibitions
You must have filed Canadian taxes for the required years where obligated, and you must not be subject to a prohibition such as certain criminal convictions or an immigration investigation.
Documents and delays
Travel history must be complete and consistent with entry records. Gaps, unexplained absences and name variations are the most common reasons applications stall.
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